| Subject: | Environmental Studies \ Political Science |
| Title: | Beyond Activism: Environmental NGOs As Shadow Political Institutions in Climate Governance |
| Author(s): | Dr. Ganesan D A & Dr. Dinesan D A |
| Published on: | 30th August 2026 |
| Published by: | Lyceum India |
| Name of the Journal: | Lyceum India Journal of Social Sciences |
| ISSN/e-ISSN: | 3048-6513 |
| Volume & Issue: | Volume: 3, Issue: 10 |
| Pages: | 16-24 |
| Original DOI (if any): | 10.5281/zenodo.22082912 |
| Repository DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Environmental NGOs (ENGOs) are widely conceptualized as external pressure and watchdog groups seeking to influence policy decisions outside formal state structures. However, with increasing intensity of global climate crisis, decreasing levels of public confidence in governmental institutions, and increased globalization of environmental regulation, ENGOs are evolving both operationally and politically. In this paper it is argued that ENGOs are becoming ‘shadow political institutions’ operating within current climate governance frameworks. While ENGOs do not possess formal constitutional authority or electoral legitimacy, they currently influence public policy, create a legislative agenda, mobilize citizens to become involved in politics, operate as part of international climate negotiation processes, and make contributions to actual governance processes. Using governance theory, neo institutionalism and political opportunity structure theories, this research will examine how ENGOs transitioned beyond being activist organizations and became quasi politically active. This article also examines how ENGOs reshape environmental governance by addressing institutional gaps left by political parties and state actors. |
| Keywords: | Climate Governance, Civil Society, Environmental NGOs, Shadow Political Institutions, Political Mobilisation, Political Representation |
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