| Abstract: | This paper critically examines the Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) initiative as a multidimensional strategy to advance India’s economic, technological, and strategic autonomy, with a particular focus on defence indigenisation. Drawing on policy reforms, institutional restructuring, and the rise of robust public-private partnerships, the study traces India’s shift from an import-dependent paradigm to a resilient, innovation-driven manufacturing ecosystem. Analysing recent production and export trends, the paper highlights the rapid growth of domestic defence capabilities, exemplified by indigenous platforms such as the HAL Tejas fighter jet and the C-295 transport aircraft, as well as the integration of MSMEs into complex supply chains. The discussion situates defence self-reliance within broader geopolitical and economic contexts, arguing that strategic autonomy is both a technical objective and a critical necessity in a multipolar world. The analysis also explores how regulatory reforms, clean energy investments, and the inclusion of historically underrepresented groups are transforming India’s industrial landscape. Finally, the paper identifies systemic challenges, including supply chain vulnerabilities and technology transfer bottlenecks, and proposes policy recommendations to strengthen India’s defence autonomy, industrial resilience, and global competitiveness without compromising operational readiness or inclusivity. |
