| Abstract: | Euthanasia, includes various forms of intentionally ending a life to alleviate suffering, stands at the nexus of law, medicine, ethics, and human rights. This comprehensive analysis delves deeper into the definitions and distinctions between active voluntary euthanasia, passive euthanasia, and physician-assisted suicide, providing detailed examples of their legal standing across different continents. It explores the historical evolution of the debate, from ancient philosophical considerations to modern legislative enactments and judicial precedents. The article critically examines the arguments advanced by both proponents cantering on autonomy, compassion, and dignity and opponents highlighting the sanctity of life, the “slippery slope” concern, and the potential for abuse. A significant portion is dedicated to the pivotal role of palliative care as an alternative and complementary approach to managing suffering. The complex interplay of these factors, especially within the context of evolving societal values and specific national legal frameworks like Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and India’s passive euthanasia laws, underscores the enduring global challenge of balancing individual self-determination with collective moral imperatives. |
| Keywords: | Euthanasia, Physician-Assisted Suicide, Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID), Palliative Care, Bioethics, Advance Directives, Sanctity of Life, Autonomy. |
