| Abstract: | This article examines how in-group bias shapes tribal political behaviour within modern democracies, focusing on Northeast India and particularly the state of Tripura. Drawing from social identity theory, postcolonial frameworks, and contemporary studies of digital politics, it analyses how historical marginalisation and cultural distinctiveness generate strong group cohesion, collective memory, and identity-based mobilisation. Among tribal communities, in-group bias often serves as a psychological and cultural defence mechanism against perceived existential, political, and economic threats. However, it simultaneously empowers these communities by fostering self-determination, democratic participation, and collective identity assertion. The analysis also explores how digital technologies reinforce ethnic consciousness, facilitate mobilisation, and cultivate “virtual tribes” that amplify narratives of belonging and exclusion. The study concludes that while identity-based politics can enhance democratic inclusion and representation, it also risks deepening social fragmentation and polarisation if not aligned with inclusive and dialogic democratic frameworks. |
