| Abstract: | Modern administrative states exercise extensive discretionary authority that influences the daily lives of citizens, from welfare delivery to licensing and policing. This article explores the relationship between citizen rights and administrative accountability within a constitutional democracy, with India as its primary focus and comparative perspectives drawn from the United Kingdom and the European Union. Through doctrinal analysis of constitutional provisions, statutes, and landmark judicial decisions, it examines the transition from an administration centred on immunity towards a framework based on fairness, reasoned decision-making, transparency, and liability for wrongful acts. The study argues that rights without accountable administration remain largely aspirational, while administrative responsibility without enforceable rights lacks a firm normative foundation. It identifies continuing deficiencies, including weak grievance redressal mechanisms, inconsistent enforcement of transparency legislation, limited compensation remedies, and the opacity of algorithmic decision-making. The article concludes by proposing statutory guarantees for public services, an enforceable duty to provide reasons, independent oversight, and safeguards suited to the digital age to align administrative practice with citizens’ entitlements. |
